Doubt, a Play by John Patrick Shanley

Doubt is a drama written by John Patrick Shanley. It is about a strict nun who believes that a priest has done something terribly inappropriate to one of the students. The Setting of Doubt The play is set in the Bronx, New York in 1964, and takes place mostly in the offices of a Catholic school. Plot Overview Based upon a few circumstantial details and a lot of intuition, the stern nun, Sister Aloysius Beauvier believes that one of the priests at the St. Nicholas Catholic Church and school has been molesting a 12-year-old boy named Donald Muller, the schools only African-American student. Sister Aloysius recruits a young, naive nun (Sister James) to assist her in monitoring the suspicious yet charismatic Father Flynn. She also addresses her concerns to Donalds mother, who, surprisingly, is not horrified or even shocked by the allegations. (Mrs. Muller is more concerned about her son getting into high school and avoiding a beating from his dad.) The play concludes with a one-on-one confrontation between Sister Aloysius and Father Flynn as she attempts to get the truth out of the priest. The Character Sister Aloysius: What Does She Believe? This nun is a diligent taskmaster who firmly believes that subjects such as art and dance class are a waste of time. (She doesnt think much of history either.) She contends that good teachers are cold and cunning, creating a bit of fear within the hearts of the students. In some ways, Sister Aloysius might fit the stereotype of the angry Catholic school nun who slaps the hands of students with a ruler. However, playwright John Patrick Shanley reveals his true motives in the plays dedication: This play is dedicated to the many orders of Catholic nuns who have devoted their lives to serving others in hospitals, schools, and retirement homes. Though they have been much maligned and ridiculed, who among us has been so generous? In the spirit of the above statement, Sister Aloysius seems so harsh because she ultimately cares about the well-being of the children in her school. She is ever vigilant, as apparent in her discussion with the innocent teacher Sister James; Aloysius seems to know more about the students than the young, naive nun. Eight years before the beginning of the story, Sister Aloysius was responsible for detecting a sexual predator among the priesthood. After she went directly to the monsignor, the abusive priest was removed. (She does not indicate that the priest was arrested.) Now, Sister Aloysius suspects that Father Flynn has made a sexual advance on a 12-year-old boy. She believes that while having a private conversation, Father Flynn gave the boy wine. She doesnt state exactly what she thinks happens next, but the implication is that Father Flynn is a pedophile who must be dealt with immediately. Unfortunately, because she is a woman, she does not have the same level of authority as the priests; so instead of reporting the situation to her superiors (who will probably not listen to her), she reports her suspicions to the boys mother. During the plays finale, Aloysius and Flynn confront one another. She lies, claiming that she has heard about previous incidents from other nuns. In response to her lie/threat, Flynn resigns from the school but obtains a promotion becoming the pastor of a different institution. The Dubious Priest of Doubt The audience learns much about Father Brendan Flynn, yet most of the information is hearsay and conjecture. The early scenes which feature Flynn show him in performance mode. First, he is speaking to his congregation about dealing with a crisis of faith. His second appearance, another monologue, is delivered to the boys on the basketball team he coaches. He gives them instruction about developing a routine on the court and lectures them about their dirty fingernails. Unlike Sister Aloysius, Flynn is moderate in his beliefs about discipline and tradition. For example, Aloysius scorns the idea of secular Christmas songs such as Frosty the Snowman appearing in the churchs pageant; she argues they are about magic and therefore evil. Father Flynn, on the other hand, likes the notion of the church embracing the modern culture so that its leading members can be seen as friends and family, and not just emissaries from Rome. When he is confronted about Donald Muller and the alcohol that was on the boys breath, Father Flynn reluctantly explains that the boy was caught drinking the altar wine. Flynn promised not to punish the boy if no one else found out about the incident and if he promised not to do it again. That answer relieves the naive Sister James, but it does not satisfy Sister Aloysius. During the plays finale, when Sister Aloysius falsely tells him that nuns from other parishes have made incriminating statements, Flynn becomes very emotional. FLYNN: Am I not flesh and blood like you? Or are we just ideas and convictions. I cant say everything. Do you understand? There are things I cant say. Even if you imagine the explanation, Sister, remember there are circumstances beyond your knowledge. Even if you feel certainty, it is an emotion and not a fact. In the spirit of charity, I appeal to you. Some of these phrases, such as There are things I cant say, seem to imply a level of shame and possibly guilt. However, Father Flynn firmly claims, I have not done anything wrong. Ultimately, it is up to the audience to determine guilt or innocence, or whether or not such rulings are even possible, given the sketchy bits of evidence delivered by Shanleys drama. Did Father Flynn Do It? Is Father Flynn a child molester? The audience and readers never know. At its heart, that is the point of John Patrick Shanleys Doubt—the realization that all of our beliefs and convictions are part of a facade we build to protect ourselves. We often choose to believe in things: a persons innocence, a persons guilt, the sanctity of the church, the collective morality of society. However, the playwright argues in his preface, deep down, under the chatter we have come to a place where we know that we dont know...anything. But nobodys willing to say that. One thing seems certain by the end of the play: Father Flynn is concealing something. But who isnt?

Plato vs. Nietzsche - 1140 Words

Johnny Lee Plato versus Nietzsche The central ideas that two great philosophers, Plato and Friedrich Nietzsche, talked about were the reality and appearance; and what they mainly focused on is where we as humans stand between these two. Of course, regarding the fact that Plato and Nietzsche lived in different time periods, they had their differences that conflict with each other’s theories. But they do have something to agree upon; they both argue that humans live in an illusory world of our own that we think is reality when we actually are not. One important idea they disagree on is their concepts on what is reality and what is truth. Plato’s theory is mostly based on his cave allegory where he explains human’s conditions. I will†¦show more content†¦The basic summary of this poem is that there are â€Å"Twenty men crossing a bridge/ Into a village† (Stevens) and the speaker, Stevens or the Magnifico, is trying to find the meaning behind these twenty crossi ng the bridge. The problem that Stevens had was the words that were used by someone else to describe the twenty men. These twenty men could be perceived as twenty men crossing twenty bridges for each man could experience crossing the bridge very differently. It can also be seen as one man crossing the bridge if they all had the same purpose of why they are crossing the bridge. Ultimately, these men will look like one single man. Stevens could not find the true meaning of his own behind these other people’s descriptions of the twenty men. He starts using words like â€Å"white wall† and â€Å"fruit-trees† to grasp the real meaning of these men crossing the bridge but no matter how hard he tries â€Å"the meaning escapes†(Stevens). This poem perfectly supports Nietzsche’s theory in the sense that, words are only metaphors to describe objects. Words cannot hold concepts for objects do not have real meanings behind them. After all, Stevens and even Nie tzsche would say that it is simply â€Å"Twenty men crossing a bridge/ Into a village† with no concepts attached. Going back to the cave allegory, Plato says that humans think the â€Å"shadows† are the truth behind the objects when they are only appearances. Now if Nietzsche would critique the allegory he would find certain things accurate andShow MoreRelatedExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pages------------------------------------------------- Essentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsibleRead More Robert Pirsigs Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance Essay5286 Words   |  22 Pagesemerges as the relationship between man and his experience. He is a participant in the creation of all things. The measure of all things (Pirsig 368). Rhetorical wholeness Pirsig thus discloses and alters the commonplace or topos of subjects vs. objects, arguing that the two terms are to be interrelated as correlatives, with Quality as the intermediate term. In so doing, he deals with the public crisis of technology by concluding that the real evil isnt the objects of technology but theRead More Buy Essay Online: Comparing Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses2240 Words   |  9 Pagesworth talking about; a world of shadows, of decay.   Homer . . . represents the ghosts [in Hades] as witless.   They gibber meaninglessly until some living man gives them sacrificial blood to drink.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparing the style: Objective vs. Existential    Eight months prior to the first publication of Ulysses , Joyce penned: If you want to read Ulysses you had better first get or borrow from a library a translation in prose of the Odyssey of Homer. 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Epicurus explicitly endorsed social contract ideas; the last fourth of his Principal Doctrines state that justice comes from agreement not to harm eachRead MoreProfessional Ethics10396 Words   |  42 Pagesethics, this is not surprising. Business ethics is an applied discipline, and one would expect it to apply the dominant ethical theories. In Plato and to a lesser extent in Aristotle we read that practical concerns are low and vulgar. It follows that business, as an inherently practical enterprise, is hardly worthy of esteem. Given the place of Plato and Aristotle on the intellectual landscape, we have a partial explanation of the disdain that members of the cultural elite have always exhibitedRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 Pageswork is often split up into sections as follows (although other splits have also been suggested):Lines 1 - 37: On unity and harmony. Lines 38 - 72: The writer’s aims. Lines 73 - 118: What the tradition dictates (decorum). Lines 119 - 152: Invention vs. imitation (be consistent if you are original). Lines 153 - 188: On characterization (the four ages of man). Lines 189 - 219: On the gods, chorus and music (in tragic drama). Lines 220 - 250: On style (especially in satyr plays). Lines 251 - 274: OnRead MoreTheology of the Body32011 Words   |  129 Pagesof the body and of sexuality — rather than in considering the body evil as Manicheans do. b) The â€Å"masters of suspicion† — Ricoeur’s term describing Freud, Marx and Nietzsche — judged and accused the human â€Å"heart† by categories similar to the Johannine three forms of lust. Their thought continues to influence contemporary man. Nietzsche accused the human heart of â€Å"pride of life†; Marx of â€Å"lust of the eyes†; Freud, of â€Å"lust of the flesh.† Together they put the heart under continual suspicion, but the

The Are The Gods Of The Gym - 1729 Words

Competitive lifters are the gods of the gym, they can bench the weight of a large animal, squat over twice their own bodyweight, and deadlift the Earth if they felt so inclined. The definition of a stereotype is a widely held oversimplified image of a particular person or group. Similar to stereotypes, misconceptions are views or opinions that are incorrect, because they are based on faulty understandings. Stereotypes stem from commonalities within groups, which often cause others to categorize them. Misconceptions originate from false information or misunderstanding, that have been carried out through society. Powerlifters and olympic weightlifters are assumed to be large, heavy set men, who have arrogant personalities, and abuse†¦show more content†¦Misconceptions are often brought about through media, because of its profound influence on society. A common misconception made by the media is the belief that all blondes are dumb. Similar to the glasses claim, there are no st udies or research that support and prove this idea, it is simply a generalization made off of false facts. Misconceptions are often confused as stereotypes, but they are two very different generalizations. Unlike stereotypes, misconceptions are formed from false knowledge and misled understandings. Misconceptions are completely untrue while stereotypes are based off of the exaggerated truth. Misconceptions often derive from stereotypes, and are assumptions based off of the already generalized knowledge of a group. The only reason why misconceptions are often believed and considered normalities, is because of how commonly they are used. The media’s influence in society is one reason why both misconceptions and stereotypes stay relevant, because of the media great impact in society, many members believe all of what the media says is true, even if there are little to no facts surrounding it. Weight lifters are large burly men whose frame take up an entire doorways. They blast their hardcore music loud through their headphone while walking around the gym looking for more weight to pick up, so everyone can experience their great music taste. The volume on their music is to a max to give them an excuse to grunt and be theShow MoreRelatedMillion Dollar Baby Movie Review Essay798 Words   |  4 Pagesand Morgan Freeman Eddie Scrap Iron(gym keeper). In this movie Eastwood has shown in his movie a story about a struggling life of boxers and coach. In this movie an actor and director is playing a role as Frankie Dunn a boxing coach. Frankie has played his part very well in this movie by high training level of boxing and giving them skills that they are applicable for. Making every boxer in his gym a very strong fighter. 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Having a gym that fits each and every persons fitness needs, dogs as well, will be of highest value to the customers. There will be classes for individuals and their dogs as well as classes for families and their dogs. This will allow the children a chance to beRead MoreA Study On Low Income Immigrant Children962 Words   |  4 Pagesof 9.8%, while the difference between obese or overweight children aged two to nineteen is 10.4%. Knowing these statistics we can help the immigrates with their health in keeping their bodies moving though many types of physical activity weather in gym class, after school programs, or lower cost extra circular actives. Even though many of them immigrants have an active job they are still over weight and needs that extra help in learning how to take care of their bodies by their health physically andRead MoreThe Journal Review Written By Homan And Boyaatzis1691 Words   |  7 Pagesconducted with women who having a sacred relationship with God. This su rvey contains women who were dissatisfied with their body, had a eating disruption in order to be thin, and dieting (Homan Boyatzis, 2010,p. 239).The women with sacred relationship with God was not at risk with these complications. In this study, the women who wants to be thin or have an eating disorder has not established a sacred relationship with God. Women who loved God tend not to have any eating disorder or not being satisfiedRead MoreMy First Day At School837 Words   |  4 Pageswould kick the soccer ball if it ever came even close to the basketball court. My next class was gym with Andrew again. So I just followed him again. When we got to gym I saw a big open Gym with a free open area a basketball, court and a court to play soccer the only thing I was worried about was that the courts were right next to each other I knew that would cause an issue because Gabriel was in this gym class. I went to play soccer with Andrew and of course gabriel went to play basketball. 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Texts for Manifesto of the Communist Party- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTexts and Traditions for Manifesto of the Communist Party. Answer: In the book The communist manifesto by Karl Marx, chapter 1 and 2 both presents a clear idea about proletarian movement. In chapter 1, it is seen that Manifesto turns to proletariat after evaluating the history of bourgeoisie. In the book, it is seen that after the development of bourgeoisie and of proletariat, proletariat is seen to be harmful for bourgeoisie and will be the reason of its destruction (Tucker, 2017). However, in chapter 1, Marx shows that the proletarians are very workaholic as well as capital determining and this is because they behaved like a commodity and did not have any problem in the market fluctuations. Due to this, the wages of proletarians decreased and their work became degraded. According to Marx, labours were slaves and sometimes they were warriors and that is why despite of their age and gender they turned out to be instruments used to put effort on something (Tucker, 2017). In chapter 1 of the book, it is understood that, the Proletarians lost their charm with the machine, labour development, and became the adjunct of a machine. The labourers in the book was seen to be exploited first by their employer and then by their property owner. This created a problem in their lives and their work as well (Johnson, 2014). The book depicts the fact that the people who were of the lower class sink into the proletarian class, this was because of having less capital, and that their effort and skills were no longer marked as important thing due to the advancement of technology. The first chapter describes a clear notion about proletarian by highlighting the history of the proletariat (Weeks, 2013). The proletariat after creation started struggling with the bourgeoisie and this involved the labourers and workers who revolted against the bourgeois because the bourgeoisies directly exploited them. The workers revolted due to the reason of bringing change in the status of their works but they were distinguished geographically and were in competition with one another. After reading the book, it is understood that even after the proletarians formed their own unions, they still remained under the control of the bourgeoisies and had to follow their orders and serve them as well. In the chapter one of the book, the readers got to see that along with the modern development the proletarians were increased and with the increasing number their strength also increased (Weeks, 2013). This brought change in the difference of the labourers, it ended all the difference, and the workers shared equal wages and lives. Along with this change, they formed more unions and this formation was in a continuous process at the time of the Manifesto creation. The advancing technologies and increasing communication process helped the proletarians to get more help on a national basis. On the contrary, the formation of proletarians to a class was constantly damaged but again it gained back their origin whenever they tried to come up and show case themselves (McLellan, 2013). The proletarians were provided with tools to fight against the bourgeoisies from the other existing classes and this was because the other classes also wanted to use the proletarians for gaining the top position politically. The proletariat class was the most revolting class as described in the book by Karl Marx. This was because the other classes pursued a conservative life and they were only concerned about their existence whereas the proletariat not only fought for their own existence but also tried to develop the existence of the middle class. As Marx said in the book, Law, morality, religion, are to him so many bourgeois prejudices, behind which lurk in ambush just as many bourgeois interests." (Marx, 2015). Marx said this because in the book it was found that the old society was the only one that owned the preservation. On the contrary, the proletariat had a different approach an d this can be said after reading the first chapter as this chapter provides a very clear concept regarding how the upper classes aimed to implement their own appropriation mode in the society. Though the proletarians had less land and property, which they would have used for expansion they thought of destroying the security of the private property. The proletariats were seen to work as majority in a unique way, be it managing of the bourgeois or indulging in history they never failed to show their uniqueness in the first chapter. It is because of the first chapter that helped the readers to have a clear view or concept regarding the lives and problems of the proletarians. Marx in Communist Manifesto has focused to evaluate the need of fulfilling the interest of common persons rather than concentrating of an individual (Lamb, 2015). While portraying the demands of workers Marx focused to point out that group performance in anywhere is more important than the performance level of an individual for the development of a society. Therefore, in order to fulfill the needs and demands of the workers communists tend to focus on common interest rather than fulfilling the interest of an individual. In this specific point of view, an individual can distinguish the communists from other socialist parties as well as national movement. In Communist Manifesto Marx pointed out that society is primarily divided into two specific sectors that include haves and haves not. Private property primarily destroys personal freedom, independence and activity. Capital should be used as social power rather than the power of an individual. In this kind of situation, the gap between poor and rich can be demolished. People who are having flexibility in personal property should never impose their power on the mind of a worker (Farr Ball, 2015). Otherwise, an individual would never be able to make a balance between strength and money. Society people are intensely dependent on each other. In order to develop the society the physical strength of a labour is equally important. Therefore, the personal freedom, independence of an individual should never be demolished. Marx highlighted in this specific book that communists are accused to destroy the family. As per the perception of a capitalist children and spouse are the instruments of production (Marx Engels, 2016). However, as per the point of view of Marx this particular belief is the ultimate destruction of society. A women belonging to the society is not flexible to maintain her education system in a healthy way. As a result, they fail to expose their talents and skill that they are having within them. Marx has highlighted the issues that centralization should be rendered within the communication (Roberts, Hite Chorev, 2014). Every individual state should interact with each other. In this kind of situation, the society would be able to exchange their thoughts and ideas for developing their skills and competency. According to Marx, responsibility and liability should be distributed equally with the help of which not an individual person would have to take over burden (Firer-Blaess Fuchs, 2014). As per the liability labour wage should be distributed like the same way. Marx has raised a major voice against discrimination among the labor. The chapter two of the book highlighted the part of communists and the readers understood that communism does not dispossess anyone to correct the products of the society; it denies an individual with the power to overcome the power of the labourers. Marx highlighted in this specific book that communists are accused to destroy the family. As per the percep tion of a capitalist children and spouse are the instruments of production. Marx particular belief was that the ultimate destruction of society was due to the bourgeois (Marx, 2013). According to the book, the bourgeois were a society that ought to have gone a long ago to the dogs for their sheer idleness but they did not go for those members, who did their work but acquired nothing and the workers who achieved anything did not work. The overall objection was nothing but a different appearance of the tautology: that ascertained that there can no longer be any wages or any labour in case there is no capital at all (Engels Marx, 2016). However, it can be concluded that Karl Marx has written the book by highlighting both the proletarian movement and the communists. Both the chapters very clearly show the readers how the proletarian led their life and provides an enlarged definition about the role of the communists in the proletarians lives. The first chapter of the book analyses the work and life structure of the proletarian and the second chapter marked the role of communists and defined communists as someone who highlighted the revolt of the proletarians. They were the one to highlight the movement of the other classes at the time of revolt against the bourgeoisies. The communists in chapter two provides the readers the clarity that they had the same aim that the proletarians had which was to turn the proletarians into a class and help them get away from the leadership of the bourgeoisies and providing a leading power to the proletariat. References: Engels, F., Marx, K. (2016). The Manifesto of the Communist. Narcissus. me. Farr, J., Ball, T. (2015). The Manifesto in political theory: Anglophone translations and liberal receptions.The Cambridge Companion to The Communist Manifesto, 155. Firer-Blaess, S., Fuchs, C. (2014). Wikipedia: an info-communist manifesto.Television New Media,15(2), 87-103. Johnson, M. (2014). Communist manifesto. Lamb, P. (2015).Marx and Engels''Communist Manifesto': A Reader's Guide. Bloomsbury Publishing. Marx, K. (2013).Manifesto of the communist party. Simon and Schuster. Marx, K. (2015).On the question of free trade. Arsalan Ahmed. Marx, K., Engels, F. (2016).The Communist Manifesto. Author's Republic. McLellan, D. (2013).Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels-The Communist Manifesto. Read Books Ltd. Roberts, J. T., Hite, A. B., Chorev, N. (Eds.). (2014).The globalization and development reader: Perspectives on development and global change. John Wiley Sons. Tucker, R. C. (2017).Philosophy and myth in Karl Marx. Routledge. Weeks, K. (2013). The Critical Manifesto: Marx and Engels, Haraway, and Utopian Politics.Utopian Studies,24(2), 216-231.

Argument on fast food free essay sample

Many American’s are complaining about the weight they are gaining due to the fast food industry. They put their blame towards the industry for their current health issues, when they were the ones to make that choice to eat there. Everyone has their own choice on what they eat, but what if your brain is actually making you make that choice for you? They say that you need to take personal responsibility for the food you chose to eat. David Zinczenko states in â€Å"Don’t Blame the Eater† that â€Å"Shouldn’t we know better than to eat two meals a day in fast-food restaurants?†(392). The parents drive their children there knowing eating many meals there can cause obesity. They argue that there aren’t many other alternatives. They have the transportation to drive to a grocery store and get healthier options instead of going to the fast-food restaurant. They know what they are doing but why don’t they do anything about it? The people have choices on where they eat but yet, they still keep coming to places like McDonalds. These kinds of questions make Americans wonder what their bodies really want. They feel that the right thing to do is make healthier choices like eat salads and fruits, but your brain is actually making you crave the ingredients in the foods at the fast food industry. I say that the fast food industry makes their food addictive making you want to come back for more. In the articleâ€Å"7 things McDonald’s knows about your brain† your brain craves foods high in sugars, salts and fats. When your body eats foods with those ingredients, your brain releases dopamine2 which is the same pleasure chemical in drug use. This is the start of food addiction. The same thing happens when you upsize the meal when you order. Your brain makes you feel good that you are getting more for your dollar but you are actually making the industry draw you in more. The brain likes branding and making predictions based on how you experience certain situations. Your reward system will kick on when it knows something good is about to happen such as receiving your meal. This will trigger the dopamine to be released as if saying thank you and causing you to want to keep coming back. Your brain can tell the difference between foods that are healthy and foods high in calories because of the salts, sugars, and fats your brain craves. James Clear’s article â€Å"What happens to your brain when you eat junk food (and why we crave it)† states the scientific reasons on how the brain craves the food. Clear begins by discussing the two factors on why we crave junk food. The first factor is how are are senses feel about the food. This makes an image in the brain on how we will think about the food next time we eat it again. The second factor is the blending of ingredients of proteins , fats, carbohydrates, salts, and sugars. The more of these blended together, the bigger craving your brain will have. Clear later on discussed the 5 scientific factors behind the cravings. The first one stated was dynamic contrast. Dynamic contrast is when you eat a food, how your senses combine while eating. This can cause you to like the food or make you never want to eat it again. The second factor was salivary response. With salivary response, the more salivation you have while chewing up the food, the more ability the food has covering your taste buds. This is why most fast food industries make their food where it causes you to take longer to chew. The next scientific factor is rapid food meltdown, also known as vanishing calorie density. This factor tricks the brain to think that you’re eating less than what you actually did. Your body will then never have that full feeling which will then make you overeat and you won’t realize it. Another factor discussed was sensory specific response meaning your brain likes different tastes. The food you eat has to have different amount of tastes in it or your brain will stop releasing dopamine 2. This is why we can eat whole packages of food in one sitting. The last scientific factor Clear stated were memories on past experiences saying that your brain creates memories with food. If you have a good memory from a time you were eating that food then your body will make you crave to eat that same food again. The food industry understands the science behind their food and this is why they are always on the move to create their next big thing. The book â€Å"Salt Sugar Fat† by Michael Moss talks about the realizations of the industry. He proves his point that â€Å"It’s not like there’s a smoking gun. The gun is right there. It is not hidden. † This meaning everyone already knows the dangers of the industry but yet act like they were blind sighted from the start. Moss stated how the industry markets toward â€Å"heavy users† meaning repeating customers who can’t get enough. The industry will use their money towards marketing these users instead of neew ones because they have found this to be more effective. An interesting fact from the book would be how the fast food industry has an 80% rule. This means that they food that they are advertising has to be eighty percent familiar to the customer or the customer could question what they were buying. Moss tells his readers that we have 10,000 taste buds and we can taste the sugar all the way down to our pancreas. Moss quotes in the book that he met a name man Jean Mayor who provided interesting information† His name was Jean Mayer, a Harvard professor of nutrition was hugely influential in matters of diet, starting with poverty and hunger which led to the introduction of food stamps and expanded school lunch programs endeared him to the food industry But what made Mayer an industry threat was his pioneering research on obesity, which he called a disease of civilization. He is credited with discovering how the desire to eat is controlled by the amount of glucose in the blood and by the brains hypothalamus, both of which in turn are greatly influenced by sugar. (p. 74). This shows how addictive sugar can really be. The next section in the book was fat. As I spoke with scientists about the way fat behaves, I couldnt resist drawing an analogy to the realm of narcotics. If sugar is the methamphetamine of processed food ingredients, with its high-speed, blunt assault on our brains, then fat is the opiate, a smooth operator whose effects are less obvious but no less powerful. (p. 148). Fat is a powerful factor on the strong rise of food addiction. In a keybut commonly overlookedaspect of obesity, weight gain can be caused by the slightest increases in consumption, if it continues day in and day out†¦ When they couldnt see the fat in their foods, they ate nearly 10 percent more or about 100 extra calories. (p. 181). This falls back to the scientific factors on why we crave food, we will continue to eat til we accomplish our reward system. The final section in the book was salt. Moss views the use of salt to improve food acceptability as another instance of unscrupulous practices by the food industry. Moss quotes â€Å"Salt was not the only culprit that was identified as contributing to high blood pressure (obesity, smoking, and diabetes were all found to be connected to the condition as well). Nevertheless, salt did receive its fair share of attention—especially when doctors found that ‘Americans were eating so much salt they were getting ten times—even twenty times—the amount of sodium the body needed. ’ † This book shows you the realistic view on what sugar,salt and fat really due to the body. What can we do about the problem from here? Both sides of this issue agree that there is a health problem. You can simply stay away from the industry. The brain will crave the food less the more you stay away from them. The individual needs to break their own cycle and teach their mind when enough is enough. If the individual feels that they can’t beat this problem on their own, many rehab facilities treat food addiction. The person will have many psychiatrists and nutritionists helping them during treatment. The person will begin to understand how their brain was making them crave the foods and how they will begin to step away from the industry. You will have full support along the way and with time, you will be able to stay away from the taunting of the fast food industry. In conclusion, many argue that it is time to be responsible for the choices you make when it comes to the food you eat. Others, as well as myself, argue that the industry is indeed at fault. Your brain craves the many ingrediants the industry puts in their food. Psychological your body makes you go to the fast food restraunt. Now it is your turn to know when it is time to put down the burger and stand up to the industry to let them know you’ve had enough of the mind control.